List of Irgun attacks

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Main article: Irgun

During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against the British Mandate of Palestine the militant Zionist group the Irgun carried out sixty attacks against Arabs and British soldiers.[1] Irgun was described as either an underground organization by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel) [2] or as a terrorist one by the New York Times[3][4], the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry[5], prominent world figures such as Winston Churchill[6] and Jewish figures such as Hannah Arendt, Albert Einstein, and many others[7]. Irgun launched a series of attacks which lasted until the beginning of World War II. All told, Irgun attacks against Arab targets resulted in at least 250 Arab deaths during this period.

Following is a list of attacks resulting in death attributed to Irgun that took place during the 1930s. The Irgun conducted at least 60 operations altogether during this period.[8][9][10]

Contents

[edit] List of Irgun attacks 1937-1948

Date Casualties Comments
March, 1937 2 Arabs killed on Bat-Yam beach.[11]
November 14, 1937 ("Black Sunday") Irgun units launched attacks around Jerusalem, killing 10 Arabs.[12] -
April 12, 1938 2 Arabs and 2 British policemen were killed by a bomb in a train in Haifa.[citation needed] -
April 17, 1938 An Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa.[citation needed] -
July 6, 1938 Bombing of Arab market in Haifa killed 21 Arabs.[13] -
May 17, 1938 An Arab policeman was killed in an attack on a bus in the Jerusalem-Hebron road.[citation needed] -
May 24, 1938 3 Arabs were shot and killed in Haifa.[citation needed] -
June 23, 1938 2 Arabs were killed near Tel-Aviv.[citation needed] -
June 26, 1938 7 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jaffa.[citation needed] -
June 27, 1938 An Arab was killed in the yard of a hospital in Haifa.[citation needed] -
Late June, 1938 Unspecified number of Arabs killed by a bomb that was thrown into a crowded Arab market place in Jerusalem.[14] -
July 5, 1938 7 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks in Tel-Aviv.[citation needed] -
On the same day 3 Arabs were killed by a bomb detonated in a bus in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
On the same day an Arab was killed in another attack in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
July 6 1938 18 Arabs and 5 Jews were killed by two simultaneous bombs in the Arab Melon market in Haifa.[15] -
July 8, 1938 4 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
July 16, 1938 10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
July 25, 1938 43 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa.[16] -
August 26, 1938 24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa. -
February 27, 1939 33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa
and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem.[citation needed]		 -
May 29, 1939 5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
On the same day 5 Arabs were shot and killed during a raid on the village of Biyar 'Adas.[citation needed] -
June 2, 1939 5 Arabs were killed by a bomb at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem.[17] -
June 12, 1939 A post office in Jerusalem was bombed, killing a British bomb expert trying to defuse the bombs.[citation needed] -
June 16, 1939 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
June 19, 1939 20 Arabs were killed by explosives mounted on a donkey at a marketplace in Haifa.[citation needed] -
June 29, 1939 13 Arabs were killed in multiple shootings during one-hour period.[citation needed] -
June 30, 1939 An Arab was killed at a marketplace in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
On the same day 2 Arabs were shot and killed in Lifta.[citation needed] -
July 3, 1939 An Arab was killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa.[citation needed] -
July 4, 1939 2 Arabs were killed in two attacks in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
July 20, 1939 An Arab was killed at a train station in Jaffa.[citation needed] -
On the same day 6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Tel-Aviv.[citation needed] -
On the same day 3 Arabs were killed in Rehovot.[citation needed] -
August 27, 1939 2 British officers were killed by a mine in Jerusalem.[citation needed] -
September 27, 1944 ~150 Irgun members attacked four British police stations; unknown number of casualties.[18] -
September 29, 1944 senior British police officer of the Criminal Intelligence Department assassinated in Jerusalem.[18] -
December 27, 1945 British Intelligence offices in Jerusalem bombed, killing seven British policemen; British army camp in north Tel Aviv attacked, killing one British soldier.[19] -
July 22, 1946 King David Hotel Bombing; 91 fatalities, most civilians -- 41 Arabs, 17 Jews, and 15 British.[20] -
October 30, 1946 Gunfire and explosion kill two British guards at Jerusalem Railway Station.[21] -
January 12, 1947 Four killed in bombing of British headquarters.[22] -
March 1, 1947 Raid and explosion kills 17 British officers.[23] -
March 12, 1947 Attack on Schneller Camp kills one British soldier.[23] -
July 29, 1947 Two kidnapped British sergeants hanged.[24] -
September 26, 1947 Four British policemen killed in Irgun bank robbery.[22] -
September 29, 1947 13 killed, 53 wounded in attack on British police station.[22] -
December 29, 1947 14 Arabs killed by bomb in Jerusalem.[22] -
April 9-April 11, 1948 107-120 Palestinian unarmed civilian villagers killed in Deir Yassin massacre,[25] the estimate generally accepted by scholars, instead the first announced number of 254,[26][27] during and possibly after the battle[28][29] at the village of Deir Yassin (also written as Dayr Yasin or Dir Yassin modern Kefar Shaʾul[30]) near Jerusalem in the British Mandate of Palestine by 132 Jewish Zionist guerrilla fighters (72 Irgun and 60 Lehi along with some women for support), while Jewish Yishuv forces fought to break the siege of Jerusalem during the period of civil war that preceded the end of the Mandate. -
Between 1937-1948 During 11 years of attacks, 194-207+ Arabs (1 policeman, rest civilian), 20+ British (3 policemen, 2 officers, 1 bomb expert), and 22 Jews were killed in total by the Irgun (sum of table)

[edit] References

  1. ^ Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg, Jewish Self Defense and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions. "Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions," Vol. 4, No. 3, 100, (2003); Online version.
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ Pope Brewer, Sam. IRGUN BOMB KILLS 11 ARABS, 2 BRITONS. New York Times. December 30, 1947.
  4. ^ IRGUN'S HAND SEEN IN ALPS RAIL BLAST. New York Times. August 16, 1947.
  5. ^ Walid Khalidi, From Haven to Conquest, p. 598; updated 1987 to From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 978-0887281556.
  6. ^ Martin Gilbert. Churchill and the Jews. p. 270. 
  7. ^ Adam Shatz. Prophets Outcast. pp. 65-67. 
  8. ^ Perliger and Weinberg, 101.
  9. ^ Prof. Yehuda Lapidot, The Irgun website, links to sections on history of Irgun.
  10. ^ J. Bowyer Bell, Terror out of Zion: the fight for Israeli independence (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977). pp.181
  11. ^ Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Religious fundamentalism and political extremism‎, Routledge, p. 101, 2004.
  12. ^ J. Bowyer Bell, Moshe Arens, Terror out of Zion,p. 39, 1996 edition
  13. ^ The Irgun web site, “Restrain and Retaliation” section
  14. ^ Tom Segev, Haim Watzman. The Seventh Million. p. 39.  Citing Arnold Zweig's letters to Sigmund Freud
  15. ^ Irgun site Restraint and Retaliation section.
  16. ^ Palestine Post, July 26-27, 1938
  17. ^ The Irgun web site, “The Split within the Irgun” section
  18. ^ a b Martin Gilbert. Churchill and the Jews. p. 221. 
  19. ^ The Irgun web site, “The United Resistance” section.
  20. ^ Martin Gilbert. Churchill and the Jews. p. 253. 
  21. ^ The Irgun web site, “The Raid on the Jerusalem Railway Station” section.
  22. ^ a b c d Donald Neff, Hamas: A Pale Image of the Jewish Irgun And Lehi Gangs, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May/June 2006, p. 14-15.
  23. ^ a b The Irgun web site, “Raid on the Jerusalem Officers Club” section.
  24. ^ The Irgun web site, “The Gallows” section.
  25. ^ Kana'ana, Sharif and Zeitawi, Nihad (1987), "The Village of Deir Yassin," Bir Zeit, Bir Zeit University Press
  26. ^ Morris, Benny (2003). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81120-1; ISBN 0-521-00967-7 (pbk.). : Chapter 4: The second wave: the mass exodus, April—June 1948, Section: Operation Nahshon, page 238
  27. ^ Milstein, Uri (1998) [1987] (in Hebrew, English version translated and edited by Alan Sacks). History of the War of Independence IV: Out of Crisis Came Decision. Lanhan, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc.. ISBN 0-7618-1489-2. : Chapter 16: Deir Yassin, Section 12: The Massacre, page 377
  28. ^ Milstein, Uri (1998) [1987] (in Hebrew, English version translated and edited by Alan Sacks). History of the War of Independence IV: Out of Crisis Came Decision. Lanhan, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc.. ISBN 0-7618-1489-2. : Chapter 16: Deir Yassin, Section 12: The Massacre, page 376-381
  29. ^ Morris, Benny (2005). "The Historiography of Deir Yassin". Journal of Israeli History 24 (1): 79–107. doi:10.1080/13531040500040305. : page 100-101
  30. ^ britanicca.com

[edit] Additional Reading

  • Y. 'Amrami, A. Melitz, דברי הימים למלחמת השחרור ("History of the War of Independence" in Hebrew), Shelach Press, 1951. (a sympathetic account of events, mostly related to Irgun and Lehi).

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

  • Search Palestine Post Archive
  • Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg, Jewish Self Defense and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions. Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2003) 91-118. Online version
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