LGBT rights by country or territory
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- This article is about current LGBT rights around the world. For historical and current movements to further LGBT rights, see LGBT social movements.
Part of a series on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights |
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Laws around the world Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage LGBT adoption Military service Immigration issues Violence against LGBT people Legal aspects of transsexualism LGBT rights organizations Opposing views |
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) related laws vary greatly by country or territory – everything from legal recognition of same-sex marriage or other types of partnerships, to the death penalty as punishment for same-sex sexual activity or identity.
LGBT-related laws include but are not limited to: government recognition of same-sex relationships, LGBT adoption, sexual orientation and military service, immigration equality, anti-discrimination laws, hate crime laws regarding violence against LGBT people, sodomy laws, anti-lesbianism laws, and higher ages of consent for same-sex activity.
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The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (October 2009) |
Throughout history and across cultures, the regulation of sexuality reflects broader cultural norms. Norms change in response to economic, social or political changes, including interactions with other societies.[citation needed]
Most of the history of sexuality is unrecorded. Even recorded norms do not always shed full light on actual practices, as it is sometimes the case that historical accounts are written by foreigners with cryptic political agendas.
In ancient Rome, prior to its Christianization, men of status were free to have sexual intercourse, heterosexual or homosexual, with anyone of a lower social status, provided that they remained dominant during such interaction. During the reign of Caligula, prostitution was legalized and taxed, and homosexual prostitution was seen openly in conjunction with heterosexual prostitution. The Warren Cup is a rare example of a Roman artefact that depicts homosexuality that was not destroyed by Christian authorities, although it was suppressed. A fresco from the public baths of the once buried city of Pompeii depicts a homosexual and bisexual sex act involving two adult men and one adult woman. The Etruscan civilization left behind the Tomb of the Diver, which depicts homosexual men in the afterlife. It is thought that the diver is the man who died, for whom the tomb was constructed.[citation needed]
Roman historical accounts describe the ancient Gauls of what is now France as being fierce in battle due to their encouragement of homosexual relationships.[citation needed]
In feudal Japan, homosexuality was recognized, between equals (bi-do), in terms of pederasty (wakashudo), and in terms of prostitution. The Samurai period was one in which homosexuality was seen as particularly positive. In Japan, the younger partner in a pederastic relationship was expected to make the first move; the opposite was true in ancient Greece. Homosexuality was later briefly criminalized due to Westernization.[1] In contemporary Japan, although this is changing, homosexuality is usually conflated with transgenderism and there is an emphasis on remaining in the closet and not seeing homosexuality as an orientation instead of simply as behavior.[citation needed]
The berdache two-spirit class in some Native American tribes are examples of ways in which some cultures integrated homosexuals into their society by viewing them, not with the homosexual and heterosexual dichotomy of most of the modern world, but as twin beings, possessing aspects of both sexes. In some other animist cultures of the past, the belief that homosexuals possess duality was seen as giving them a special connection to the spiritual realm and they often became shamans or medicine men.[citation needed]
Some people[who?] believe that the origin of punitive laws targeting homosexual relations lies with Abrahamic religions. The first recorded Abrahamic laws against sexual intercourse between men are dated by scholars to circa 550 BC, during the Babylonian captivity of the Jewish people; they are recorded in Leviticus (though conservative scholars date Leviticus to be much older), and prescribe the death penalty. It is unclear how rigorously that prohibition was enforced, debated concerning the narrowness of the proscription, and it should not be assumed that patterns of enforcement remained constant.[citation needed]
Similar prohibitions are found across Indo-European cultures in Lex Scantinia in Ancient Rome and nith in protohistoric Germanic culture, or the Middle Assyrian Law Codes dating 1075 BC.[2] Punitive laws spread as military conquest, colonialism, and missionary work spread the influence of certain interpretations of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.[citation needed]
Laws prohibiting homosexuality were also passed in communist China. (The People's Republic of China neither adopted an Abrahamic religion nor was colonized, except for Hong Kong and Macau which were colonized with Victorian era social mores and maintain separate legal system from the rest of the PRC.) Homosexuality was not decriminalized there until 1997.[3]But, in fact, homosexual in mainland China was found guilty was included in a general definition under the vague vocabulary of hooliganism, there are no specifically anti-homosexual laws. The main problem is from the arbitrary execution, although in violation of the principle of statutory crimes, because of the arbitrariness of law enforcement in the community, which gives the secular opposition in the non-marital sex a pretext to punish homosexual acts (actually, the majority of people even don´t know the definition homosexuality, which is a construction by the society occidental with the development of modern medicine), and the case in a matter of fact is also relatively few. In this regard, there is a current controversial situation whether homosexuality was decriminalized at 1997 in the process of specify hooliganism, as well as the existence of a statutory guilty of homosexual.[4]
In modern times seven countries have no official heterosexist discrimination. They are Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, South Africa, and Spain. This full non-discrimination includes the rights of marriage and adoption. LGBT people in the USA face different laws for certain medical procedures than other groups. For example, gay men have been prohibited from giving blood since 1983,[5][6] and George W. Bush's FDA guidelines barred them from being sperm donors as of 2005, even though all donated sperm is screened for sexually-transmitted diseases and even the most promiscuous heterosexual men are not barred from donating.[7][citation needed]
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Africa
[edit] Northern Africa
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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[edit] Western Africa
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Not specifically prohibited, but public morals laws have been used against LGBT persons | Unknown | ![]() |
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Not specifically prohibited, but public morals laws may be used | Unknown | ![]() |
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[edit] Middle Africa
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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[edit] Eastern Africa
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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![]() (Penalty: 3 months to 2 years imprisonment and fine of 50,000 to 100,000 Burundian francs[14]) |
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Not specifically outlawed, other laws may apply (no record of enforcement)[17][18] | ![]() |
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[edit] Southern Africa
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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The Americas
North America
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation) | Anti-discrimination Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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![]() ![]() Nationwide, single gay persons may adopt.[31] |
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No federal protections. Banned in 20 states. Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009. See Matthew Shepard Act | No federal protections. Banned in 13 states. Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009. See Matthew Shepard Act |
Central America
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation) | Anti- discrimination Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown (Has happened in some cases) | Doesn't apply. There are no military forces in Costa Rica, nonetheless they may serve in the police | ![]() |
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Caribbean islands
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation) | Anti-discrimination Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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South America
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation) | Anti- discrimination Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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![]() ![]() Under consideration nationwide.[36] |
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Bans all discrimination based on gender identity[38] |
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![]() Civil unions legal in Rio Grande do Sul since 2004.[39] |
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Bans some anti-gay discrimination | Unknown |
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![]() Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 2009.[56] |
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Asia
[edit] Central Asia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
[edit] Western Asia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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[edit] South Asia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Transgender people allowed to tick O (Other) in passport and voter identification forms |
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Transsexuality in Iran is legal if accompanied by a sex change operation; however, transsexuals still report societal intolerance.[62] |
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Under consideration | ![]() |
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[edit] East Asia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown | Unknown; the military hasn't differentiated male-male sex acts from homosexuality | ![]() |
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[edit] Southeast Asia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
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Europe
[edit] Northern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Demilitarised | ![]() |
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[edit] Western Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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In 2010, France became the first country in the world to remove transgender identity from the list of mental diseases. |
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[edit] Central Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Single gay persons may adopt or a partner can adopt the other partner's child (full joint adoption is proposed)[75] | ![]() |
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Single gay persons may adopt. Non-biological partner must provide educational and financial tutorship for his/her partner's child | ![]() |
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[edit] Eastern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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[edit] Southern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown | ![]() |
[edit] Disputed territories
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Oceania
[edit] Australasia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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[edit] Melanesia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
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Civil union | No | Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
[edit] Micronesia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Unknown | Unknown |
[edit] Polynesia
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
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Unknown | |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | Has no military forces | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Has no military forces | Unknown | |
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Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | Has no military forces | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | ![]() |
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Has no military forces | Unknown | |
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Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown | Has no military forces | Unknown | Unknown |
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Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ![]() |
Unknown |
[edit] References
- ^ The Beautiful Way of the Samurai Native Tradition and Hellenic Echo
- ^ The Middle Assyrian Law Codes (1075 BC) states: "If a man have intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall turn him into a eunuch", see Sodomy law#History
- ^ "Xinhua - English". Web.archive.org. http://web.archive.org/web/19960101-re_/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-12/26/content_3970520.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ 晓飞, 郭 (2007-05-01). 中国法视野下的同性恋. 知识产权出版社. ISBN 978-7801986979.
- ^ "FDA says gay men still can’t donate blood - AIDS". MSNBC. 23 May 2007. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18827137/. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ Resnick, Eric (17 March 2006). "Red Cross now seeks to allow gay blood donation". Gaypeopleschronicle.com. http://www.gaypeopleschronicle.com/stories06/march/0317062.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ FDA Recommends Barring Gay Men From Being Sperm Donors By Linda Orlando
- ^ a b Ottosson, Daniel (May 2009). "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults". International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). pp. Page 45. http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2009.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
- ^ Ottosson, Daniel (May 2008). "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults". International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). pp. Page 11. http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- ^ Gambia: Mob Violence And Murder Feared After President's Gay Beheading Threat, AllAfrica, June 12, 2008
- ^ [1]
- ^ Page 6 of [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ Burundi abolishes the death penalty but bans homosexuality 27 April 2009.
- ^ Ethiopia travel advice, British Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- ^ Africa: Outspoken activists defend continent's sexual diversity
- ^ [4]
- ^ Labour Code. Page 25 of [5]
- ^ Africa: Outspoken activists defend continent's sexual diversity
- ^ [6]
- ^ [7]
- ^ Not tickling Mugabe’s fancy, Tribune, October 24, 1997
- ^ Lesotho travel advice, British Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- ^ [8]. Constitutional protection for sexual orientation since 2005. Labour Code of 1992 (which banned sexual orientation discrimination) was replaced by The Unimplemented Labor Act 2004, which did not specifically enumerate homosexuals as a group protected from employment discrimination, and such discrimination occurred.
- ^ Not specifically outlawed but ILGA 2008 pdf report labels as "unclear"; 2008 version of report still lists as unclear (with proposed ban) - pending laws needs to be updated w/ 2008/2009 data: Pending law, page 9 (Number 12), includes outlawing lesbian sex conduct. [9] and page 37 [10].
- ^ Sexual Orientation and Legal Rights (92-1E)
- ^ Same Sex Couple Adoption: The Situation in Canada and Australia (Research Note 29 1999-2000)
- ^ [11]
- ^ Northwest Territories Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c.18. Section 5.
- ^ a b Associated Press (4 March 2010). "Mexico City’s gay marriage law takes effect". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35714490/ns/world_news-americas/#storyContinued. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ "Intercountry Adoption: Mexico". Office of Children Issues, U.S. Dept. of State. November 2009. http://adoption.state.gov/country/mexico.html.
- ^ International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) (April 23, 2003). "Mexico protects its gay and lesbian citizens with new law". http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Mexico+protects+its+gay+and+lesbian+citizens+with+new+law.-a0108149079. Retrieved November 27, 2009.
- ^ International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Trans (August 29, 2008). "Mexico City extends official rights to transgender individuals". http://trans.ilga.org/trans/welcome_to_the_ilga_trans_secretariat/news/mexico_mexico_city_extends_official_rights_to_transgender_individuals. Retrieved November 27, 2009.
- ^ [12]
- ^ Monique Blanco (December 2009). "Argentine same-sex marriage debate returns". Panama News. http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_15/issue_19/opinion_12.html. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ a b Associated Press (28 December 2009). "Gay Marriage Performed in Argentina". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2009/12/28/world/AP-LT-Argentina-GayMarr.html. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ AG magazine (2 March 2009). "A New Argentina Overturns Gay Military Ban". Queerty. http://www.queerty.com/a-new-argentina-overturns-gay-military-ban-20090302/. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ [13]
- ^ BBC News (5 March 2004). "Brazilian go-ahead for gay unions". http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3534959.stm. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ (Portuguese) O Globo (3 July 2009). "Gays comemoram ação no STF sobre união civil". http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2009/07/03/gays-comemoram-acao-no-stf-sobre-uniao-civil-756654132.asp. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ (Portuguese) Enézio de Deus (1 June 2006). "Decisões judiciais favoráveis a adoção por gays". Gay Brasil. http://www.gaybrasil.com.br/noticias.asp?Categoria=Idigital&Codigo=2987. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ (Portuguese) Patricia Silva Gadelha (March 2006). "A prática da pederastia é crime militar". Jus Navigandi. http://jus2.uol.com.br/doutrina/texto.asp?id=8206. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ (Portuguese) Expresso da Notícia (13 January 2006). "Justiça autoriza alteração no registro de transexual que trocou de sexo". Jus Brasil. http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/135663/justica-autoriza-alteracao-no-registro-de-transexual-que-trocou-de-sexo. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ (Portuguese) Expresso da Notícia (25 December 2005). "Justica autoriza mudança de sexo em documentos". Jus Brasil. http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/135675/justica-autoriza-mudanca-de-sexo-em-documentos. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ http://www.caracoltv.com/noticias/justicia/articulo165973-ordenan-al-icbf-iniciar-tramite-lesbiana-adopte-hija-de-su-pareja(Spanish)
- ^ [14](Spanish)
- ^ [15](Spanish)
- ^ [16]
- ^ [17]
- ^ http://www.dosmanzanas.com/2009/12/el-tribunal-constitucional-de-peru-considera-que-no-se-puede-excluir-de-la-policia-o-el-ejercito-a-las-personas-homosexuales.html
- ^ Hilary Burke (18 December 2007). "Uruguay OKs gay unions in Latin American first". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1854039020071219. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ (Spanish) AG magazine (28 May 2009). "Ahora Uruguay va por el matrimonio gay". http://www.agmagazine.info/2009/05/26/ahora-uruguay-va-por-el-matrimonio-gay/. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ Reuters (9 September 2009). "Lawmakers in Uruguay Vote to Allow Gay Couples to Adopt". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/10/world/americas/10uruguay.html. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ Rachel Weiner (15 May 2009). "Uruguay Lifts Ban On Gays In The Military". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/15/uruguay-lifts-ban-on-gays_n_203996.html. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ a b (Spanish) Congress of Uruguay (18 August 2004). "Ley Nº 17.817". http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/leyes/AccesoTextoLey.asp?Ley=17817&Anchor=. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ Free Speech Radio News (11 December 2009). "Uruguay passes bill to allow citizens to choose gender identity". http://www.fsrn.org/audio/uruguay-passes-bill-allow-citizens-choose-gender-identity/5887. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ LGBTQ Timeline
- ^ http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3505079,00.html "Attorney General rules same sex couples eligible to adopt"
- ^ Gay couple wins right to adopt foster son
- ^ Ottosson, Daniel (May 2008). "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults". International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). pp. Page 22. http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2008.pdf. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
- ^ http://www.stratpost.com/being-gay-still-a-crime-in-the-military
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/arts/film/story/2008/08/26/f-homosexuality-iran-sex-change.html
- ^ Ottosson, Daniel (May 2008). "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults". International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). pp. Page 27. http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2008.pdf. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
- ^ http://www.globalequality.org/storage/cfge/documents/dos_report_sogi_references_2008.pdf
- ^ http://www.palmcenter.org/press/dadt/releases/asias_silence_on_gays_in_military_broken_by_taiwan
- ^ http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2008.pdf
- ^ Rough Guide to South East Asia: Third Edition. Rough Guides Ltd. August 2005. p. 74. ISBN 1843534371. http://www.roughguides.com/.
- ^ "Aceh passes stoning law". The Staits Times. 14 September 2009. http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/SE%2BAsia/Story/STIStory_429633.html. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
- ^ http://www.akbayan.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=207:anti-discrimination-bill-hb-956&catid=15:bills&Itemid=100
- ^ a b c http://www.iglhrc.org/cgi-bin/iowa/article/takeaction/resourcecenter/502.html
- ^ http://www.docstoc.com/docs/8386635/Adoption-Law
- ^ http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/super/super/view/20091121-237468/Gay-Filipinos-and-Rainbow
- ^ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/12002M/pdf/12002M_EN.pdf
- ^ Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)
- ^ Zypries backs adoption for gay couples - The Local
- ^ http://www.transseksualizm.pl/portal.php?show=6&forum=74
- ^ www.dz-rs.si
- ^ Macho-minded Albania to break gay marriage taboo | Oddly Enough | Reuters
- ^ "Albania protects LGBT people from discrimination". ILGA-Europe. 5 February 2010. http://www.ilga-europe.org/europe/news/latest_news/albania_protects_lgbt_people_from_discrimination. Retrieved 5 February 2010.
- ^ http://www.gaynz.com/articles/publish/3/article_8562.php
- ^ "Sodomy Laws American Samoa". Sodomylaws.org. N.A.. http://www.sodomylaws.org/usa/samoa/samoa.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
</noinclude>
[edit] See also
|
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- International Lesbian and Gay Association
- Map on LGBTI rights around the world — 2008 version
- State-sponsored Homophobia — 2008 edition of worldwide survey of homosexuality laws
- State-sponsored Homophobia — 2009 edition of worldwide survey of homosexuality laws
- Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual: Law at the Open Directory Project
- Amnesty International USA: LGBT legal status around the world — interactive map
- GayLawNet: Laws — information by country
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission[dead link]
- Regional Information[dead link] — press releases, etc. on updates of various countries
- Resource links[dead link] — for researching legal information
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